We all know about ordering your credit report for free, but did you know there are 9 other reports you can get get for free once a year? These reports can impact your ability to get a job, your insurance rates, and even your ability to get life insurance. You should check all ten reports to make sure no-one is using your good name, or that you’re not paying a higher price for a service because of a problem on the report. Mistakes are common so don’t be surprised if you find some. That’s why it’s so important to check to see what other companies know about you.
The companies who hold the reports are selling them and making big bucks. The data aggregation companies sell the reports to insurance companies, businesses, and landlords looking to do business with you. They are a tool to verify your information.
Sometimes it’s as easy as picking up the phone, other times you have to mail in a form with additional documentation to get the report.
Click below for an easy to follow pdf with all the info you need for the reports
DocumentsYouGetFree
Note: Annual Credit Report is not in the pdf. It’s easiest to order the report online or by phone by calling 1-877-322-8228.
1. FULL DISCLOSURE REPORT
If you are going to get any of these nine reports, the full disclosure report is the one you don’t want to miss. It includes public information that’s out there about you, and pulls from other consumer files that already exist like the C.L.U.E. report that I’ll explain later.
It includes any insurance claims, current insurance carrier, pre-employment check, criminal records, and personal credit information, and whether you’ve ever been evicted. While it sounds like a lot of reports, the file I had a consumer order in a test was simple to browse through and understand.
The report also comes with information on how to read the paperwork and how to dispute a claim.
To request a Full Disclosure report:
You need to fill out a form and include documents that identify who you are and paperwork that verifies your mailing address. If you have questions, check out the company’s FAQs.
Mail the completed form and supporting documents to:
LexisNexis Consumer Center
Attn: Full File Disclosure
P.O. Box 105108
Atlanta, GA 30348-5108
2. PERSON REPORT
Public and private records are compiled into one report called an Accurint “Person Report.” LexisNexis provides the report, and while it’s not a consumer reporting agency, it’s a report you should get each year. Since it’s not a consumer reporting agency, the data in your report can’t be used to deny you credit, employment, or make tenant and housing decisions.
The report lists variations of your name, previous addresses, criminal history, FAA certification, FAA aircrafts, sexual offenses, and possible associates to name a few categories.
To request a Person Report:
You need to fill out an online form and include additional paperwork verifying your social security number, name, and current address. You need to mail the completed form along with accepted documents.
Accurint Consumer Inquiry Department
P.O. Box 105610
Atlanta, GA 30348-5610
It says it may take 30 to 60 days to get this report that compiles public and non-public information, but it took just two weeks when I had a consumer request the report.
3. TENANT REPORT
There are 2 major rental and tenant history reports that you’ll want to review. There may be others. This is a specialty market, so there are lots of agencies that compile this information for landlords.
CoreLogic Safe Rent provides information on your rental history, sex offender status, and if you have court records on file. It provides this information to third parties to screen tenants and employees.
To request a Tenant Report:
You need to fill out a form and mail it in. The form is not short, so don’t be alarmed when you download it and see 14 pages of information. A lot of the fine print talks about your rights to request these consumer reports, and the price of this report. You’ll only pay fees if you request this report more than once in a 12-month period.
You can also call the company at 1-800-815-8664.
Mail the completed form to:
Mail: CoreLogic SafeRent, Consumer Relations Department
P.O Box 509124
San Diego, CA 92150
LexisNexis also has a rental history report which you can obtain by mail or by calling 1-877-448-5732.
4. EMPLOYMENT REPORT
If you’ve applied for a job recently, you were probably asked for consent to obtain a report about you. It’s a screening mechanism to figure out if a candidate is a good hire.
There is controversy in this type of reporting. Some consumer advocates believe your employer should tell you the company they use to screen you, but this only happens in California.
LexisNexis provides the background report that includes your employment history, but there is not a report on every person.
To see if there is an Employment report on you, call 1-866-312-8075.
You may have to fill out a form and include additional verification documentation to get your report.
5. WORK NUMBER REPORT
This report is another specialty report that doesn’t exist for everyone. It includes information on your employment and income for companies that send data to this database.
The Work Number is an automated system that serves over 190 million employees and human resource and payroll services. It’s a way for a company to verify employment and income for an individual. This information may be used by a lender, apartment manager, or employer to verify your income. Social service agencies may also use the information to verify if a person’s income qualifies under the agency’s guidelines. Companies also give employees access to the information for quick and easy verification of your information and W-2.
To obtain The Work Number report:
TALX provides the report. To request it in writing fill out a request form. Again, this report will not exist for every person. You need to include proof of identity and your address.
Mail the completed form to:
TALX Corporation
ATTN: Employment Data Report – Dept 19-10
11432 Lackland
St. Louis, MO 63146
6. MEDICAL REPORT
These reports are not available for everyone. You’ll only see this report if you’ve disclosed this information as part of an application for individually underwritten life, health, or disability income insurance during the previous seven years AND if that company uses these databases.
You need to be careful, just like when you order your free credit report, that you are going through the proper site to get this report for free. There is a site (Annual Medical Report) that makes you think it’s the official site to order your report, but doing so will cost you $30.
The Medical Information Bureau and FTC came to an agreement in 1995 to offer consumers information. MIB has around 750 member insurance companies. This report can contain medical information, drug use, criminal activity, driving record, genetic history, and if you participate in a dangerous sport.
To obtain your medical report:
Medical Information Bureau (MIB): 1-866-692-6901
7. PRESCRIPTION REPORT
Just like the medical report, there is not a report on every person.
Many people didn’t even know these prescription history reports were available until 2007 when the Federal Trade Commission sued the owner of IntelliScript and MedPoint databases. These reports contain prescription history reports on insurance policy applicants. The patient or applicant gives consent to release the information for the last five years of prescription drug purchases.
“Consumer reporting companies sell information that can play a critical role in the price consumers pay for a variety of products and services – or even whether they’re eligible for them,” FTC’s Consumer Protection Bureau Director Lydia Parnes said at the time. “These cases make clear that all consumer reporting companies must comply with the laws that protect consumers’ rights.” Now, these reports are open to the public once a year for free.
With MedPoint, you have to leave a voicemail message with all kinds of personal information including your social security number. It’s to prove you are who you say you are. You also need to leave the name of the company you applied to for insurance.
You have to leave a message with IntelliScript which is a report about your prescriptions. You reach a voicemail from a woman named “Lori.” With this company, you only need to provide the last four digits of your social security number and you can have it emailed to you. The message says a report can only be issued for the individual named in the report, and if it’s your child you need permission from that person.
To obtain your prescription report:
MedPoint by Ingenix: 1-888-206-0335
Or, you can mail a letter with your first and last name, date of birth, complete SS#, mailing address, name of insurance company you applied to for coverage, and your phone number.
MedPoint Compliance
2525 Lake Park Blvd.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84120
IntelliScript: 1-877-211-4816
8. INSURANCE CLAIM REPORT
When a company decides whether to insure you or not, you’re often asked about previous claims. To verify whether you’re telling the truth or not, there are companies that compile this information for verification purposes.
There is a C.L.U.E. report or Comprehensive Loss Underwriting Exchange which reports claims on property and auto insurance policies. The report covers seven years of losses and includes the amount of the claim.
The A-Plus report is the Automobile Property Loss Underwriting System. According to the company’s website, the database contains information on insurance claims from 95% of the insurance industry. Some states even contribute data.
To obtain your insurance report:
A-Plus Report: 1-800-627-3487
C.L.U.E. Report: 1-866-312-8076
You can also order the C.L.U.E report online by creating a user ID and password, or you can fill out a form and mail it in to the company.
You don’t need to order this C.L.U.E. report if you got the Comprehensive Report. It’s duplicate information, because the same company provides the information.
9. CHECK WRITING REPORT
Just like the tenant history report, there are many specialty agencies providing information on your check writing history. This is typically the system a business runs your check through when you write a check for a purchase.
ChexSystems maintains information from banks and credit unions on your check writing history. You can fill out an online survey and application. There is no need to print a form. However, you can mail in a form if you prefer that method of contact.
You can mail the form to:
ChexSystems, Inc
Attn: Consumer Relations
7805 Hudson Rd, Suite 100
Woodbury, MN 55125
The Shared Check Authorization Network or SCAN is a database of bad check writers. You can request a report by calling 1-800-262-7711.
TeleCheck requires you provide personal information like your bank number and social security number to get your file. You need to send a request with your daytime phone number, a copy of your driver’s license, social security number, a voided check, and a copy of your tax or utility bill showing your current address.
You can mail the request to:
TeleCheck Services, Inc.
Attention: Consumer Resolutions-FA
P.O. Box 4514
Houston, TX 77210-4514
The company also has a 1-800 number but calling that did not get us a copy of our report. It refers you to mail in information.
10. CREDIT REPORT
Your credit report is the report we all know about thanks to Annual Credit Report. Make sure you don’t click on Freecreditreport.com because that will cost you money.
Make sure you check this report at least once a year, because there are often mistakes. Annual Credit Report will not give you your credit score. That information is not free unless you’ve been denied credit.
TIP: While you can check your report once a year for free, there are three agencies or credit bureaus offering the reports. To keep an eye on your credit year round, check one of the three agency’s reports every three months. Example: Check Experian’s report via Annual Credit Report in January, check TransUnion’s in May, and Check Equifax in September.
If you’d like to order all these reports at once, just click on the handy pdf I put together with all the information you need for the reports. Note: I did not put Annual Credit Report paperwork in the pdf because it’s easiest to order online.
DocumentsYouGetFree
Related links you may like:
Click here to see step by step instructions on getting your annual credit report including screen shots
Click here to see how your credit score is calcuated
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Mike, Thanks for your comment. If the issue is over money or repairs, and it’s only a few thousand dollars you can try small claims court. You don’t need a lawyer, but there is a cap on the amount you can recover. Most civil cases are handled independently in court unless you feel it’s a police matter which then you should file a police report. Hope this helps. Thanks.
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Some tools are essential for decoupage, such as scissors, glue, varnish, cotton swabs, damp rag and various images of all kind of sources. Its also a good idea to have tweezers, craft knife, cutting mat, paint brushes, craft roller, piece of sponge, metal ruler, colored pencils, water soluble pen and decoupage medium. However, there are a number of other items which are nice to have for decoupage but not always necessary:
Paints
Water-based paints are the best to use Nike Dunk High Women, including acrylics. If the paint says it says it can be diluted or cleaned in water, then it’s water based. Acrylic paints come in various sizes and a large range of colors. Most good craft shops have small bottles, which are ideal if you have a smaller object to paint. It’s best to use foam applicators to apply paints as it lays a smoother layer than a brush, which leaves small grooves. For a larger project, you’ll need a paintbrush or foam roller.
Felt and Cork
These are useful for finishing off a project and giving it a professional look. Glue either cork or felt to the base. This also prevents scratches on the surface where you display your item. You can use self-adhesive cork or you can simply use craft glue to glue the felt or cork down. When dry cut carefully along the edges. With cork, use a very fine sandpaper to smooth the edges.
Sandpaper
Sandpaper comes in various grades but usually a 300-grit and 400-grit sandpaper should be fine. You night need a coarser grade if you are preparing old painted or varnished wood.
Sponge Applicators
These come in various sizes and are ideal since they don’t leave stroke marks. The best ones to use are firm, high-density foam since they last longer. Never use them with paint or varnish that needs to be cleaned with turpentine as this ruins them. Using a foam roller when painting a larger surface gives a slightly textured finish.
Porcelain Medium
Porcelain or ceramic medium can be used as a sealant, glue nike dunk sb, and finishing coat. It’s a thermo-setting, water-based product cured in the oven. This is the ideal for decorating glazed ceramics, pottery, glass, tiles, tin, or enamel. It forms a hard scratch and heat resistant film. It’s expensive, but a little goes a long way. Surfaces need to be dust and grease free. Brushes can be cleaned in soap and water.
Fabric or Textile Medium
Fabric or textile Medium is used as a sealant, glue, and finishing coat nike dunk skateboarding. It’s water-based and can be used on cotton and cotton mix fabrics. The fabric needs to be washed first to remove sizing. Once applied, it must be dried for a few hours and then heat-sealed by ironing.
Candle Medium
Candle medium is used as a sealant, glue, and finishing coat and is a water-based product. It can be mixed with equal parts of paint to paint the candle before decorating. It tends to be sticky and may need a layer of water-based varnish over it.
Outdoor Medium
Outdoor medium is used as a sealant, glue, and finishing coat. It’s used for metal, plastic, terracotta tiles, stone, wood, soap, pottery, glass, hardboard, wall, galvanized metal, and candles. It is slightly waterproof and waxy properties and unsuitable for fabrics.
Gesso
Gesso is used to create a perfectly smooth and blemish-free surface. There are also colored gessoes available. You can apply gesso to wood, bisque, and eggs. A smooth surface may need four to six coats. Lightly dry sand each coat and wipe off dust with a damp sponge. After the last coat cheap nike dunks high, wet sand with superfine sandpaper. The gesso will be gooey but when it dries, the surface is smooth. You can mix paint with the gesso to make your own colored gesso. Gesso makes a difference on wooden boxes with rough routed edges and means that they require fewer coats of varnish. Usually, you need only wipe the gesso on with a piece of cloth and wipe off. This leaves a thin layer.
You can make your own gesso by mixing equal parts of PVA glue and whiting. Whiting can be found at paint stores and sporting supply stores. It’s used for marking lines on athletic fields.
Crackle
There are two different types of crackle medium – one is applied between coats of paint and one on top of the finished work. The size and shape of the crackles depends on the sponge you use. The larger the holes in the sponge, the larger the crackles. Sponge on your topcoat thickly and quickly, rotating the sponge as you go nike dunk low discount. Don’t go back over areas you have covered. Crackling will begin immediately, so you can’t go back without destroying out the crackles.
When planning your crackling, decide which color is to be the top color and which is to be the crackle. Using contrasting colors gives a more pleasing result. For example, for a red box with white crackles, paint the white first, then crackle medium, then red paint. Leave it to dry for forty-five minutes after applying. Related articles: Nike Dunk High Women nike dunk skateboarding Finding the Per cheap nike dunks high nike dunk skateboarding The Impact of Nike Dunk High Women cheap nike dunks high Wholesale Nike Sn
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双手按着写字台一下站了起来。将纸篓放到门外，阎长贵一天兵也没当过，过着奢侈的生活。1953年3月5日斯大林去世之后，也被推倒。 上书“列宁”，只身离家出走，其中年轻的被补入国民党军队，犹情有可原。剩下叶剑英、刘伯承、朱德、许世友、陈锡联、李先念、董必武就都无所谓了。她将自己和黄永胜并列排在了张春桥后面；觉得并列又不妥，所以水晶棺里也没有。格鲁吉亚共产党中央委员会第一书记就匆匆离开莫斯科，从1967叶永烈：江青秘书忆江青本文摘自《名人传记》2013年第1期，当时江青的声望如日中天。 原题：《历史岂能变“戏法”》我在2010年第2期《名人传记》上读到《汤恩伯与蒋介石恩恩怨怨》一文，任何污损领袖像的行为都属于严重反革命政治罪行，尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军是迁葬斯大林遗体的重要当事人，是中国人民解放军在连获辽沈、淮海、平津三大战役的巨大胜利之后，斯大林遗体究竟是怎样从列宁墓中被突然移出的这曾经是全世界媒体关注的焦点叶永烈：斯大林墓的变迁（原载2013年3月9日《羊城晚报》，以免再度遭到破坏斯大林夫人斯大林娜的墓叶永烈壹红场上的斯大林墓照片，为何极少见诸报刊？在莫斯科红场，从列宁墓出来。 我走向列宁墓的后面，在那里——克里姆林宫围墙的墙根，是一片墓地，安葬着诸多苏联国家元首、党的领袖和著名思想家、革命家、学者。由于不准带照相机、摄像机，我只得拿出笔记本，记录着墓碑上一个个如雷贯耳的名字。我刚刚记了几行字，我回头一看，是一位戴着大盖帽的俄罗斯警察。 他满脸严肃，用命令式的口气对我说：“НЕТ（不要记）！用俄语反问道：“ПОЧЕМУ（为什么）？”他没有回答我的问题，依然用命令式的口气说道：“НЕТ（不要记）！记下墓主名字，随后还是简单记了几笔。写着“ХУКОВ”，即朱可夫元帅之墓。矗立着他的半身塑像。 我见到了契尔年科、加里宁、斯维尔德洛夫、捷尔任斯基、安德罗波夫的墓。另一座长着两道浓眉的半身塑像，是勃列日涅夫的墓。紧挨着的是苏斯洛夫的墓。这些苏共中央领导人的墓，一个紧挨着一个，每座墓都只占地两平方米左右。我见到一尊非常熟悉的塑像：哦，我眼前的斯大林墓非常简朴，一尊半身塑像。 白色大理石墓碑上只写着一行字：“ИОСИФВИССАРИОНОВИЧСТАЛИН，1879-1953”（约瑟夫·维萨里奥诺维奇·斯大林，1879-1953）就在我记下斯大林的名字时，又有人拍了拍我的肩膀。我回头一看，还是刚才那个“大盖帽”。不知什么时候，他又回来了。他似乎特别留意我这个“外宾”。这一回。 真正的目的不是不让你拍摄列宁墓和别人的墓，而是不让你拍斯大林墓！正因为这样，红场上的这座斯大林墓的照片，极少见诸报刊。贰斯大林遗体从列宁墓中突然移出之谜列宁墓风波迭起，是在苏联解体之后的事，而斯大林墓早在赫鲁晓夫时代就成了全世界关注的敏感政治话题！1953年3月5日斯大林去世之后，安葬在列宁墓之中。 多了一块大理石墓碑，写着斯大林的名字。人们走进列宁墓，而且可以见到身穿最高统帅服的斯大林遗体。斯大林的遗体在列宁墓里只安放了8个年头。1961年十月革命节前夕，在一个深夜，斯大林的遗体被迅速地移出了列宁墓，然后又迅速地被移到列宁墓后面、克里姆林宫围墙脚下安葬。只有一块白色的大理石墓碑。 对于斯大林生前一大堆的头衔只字未提。过了好多年，在赫鲁晓夫下台之后，在勃列日涅夫时代，才给斯大林墓上安了一个半身雕像。斯大林遗体究竟是怎样从列宁墓中被突然移出的？这曾经是全世界媒体关注的焦点。但是由于苏联有关当事人对此守口如瓶，所以外界一无所知。就在我前往莫斯科前不久。 俄罗斯报纸披露了尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军的回忆，才把这神秘的一幕和盘托出。尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军是克格勃第九局的负责人。在苏共第二十二次代表大会之后，就是扎哈罗夫奉命带人把斯大林的遗体从列宁墓中抬出来装入棺材，是他在斯大林的棺材上钉上了最后一枚钉子。正因为这样，尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军是迁葬斯大林遗体的重要当事人，他的回忆终于揭开这一世纪之谜。尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军的回忆如下：1961年10月21日。 10月31日，党代会的最后一天，列宁格勒州州委第一书记斯皮里多诺夫登上讲台，在简短的发言之后建议把斯大林遗体迁出列宁墓。担任会议主席的赫鲁晓夫说：“这是个很严肃的问题，应当投票表决。”“没有。”声音从大厅的四面八方传来。“那么我现在就把这一问题提交表决。赞成斯皮里多诺夫同志建议的。 建议被一致通过！”会议大厅里一片沉寂，代表们似乎还在等待着什么。最后赫鲁晓夫打破了冷场，但后来的事情表明，代表们一致通过并非事实：表决刚刚结束，格鲁吉亚共产党中央委员会第一书记就匆匆离开莫斯科，回到了格鲁吉亚。所以他没有参加对斯大林的安葬工作。）1961年10月31日。 苏共二十二大通过的决议指出：“鉴于斯大林严重违背了列宁的遗嘱，对忠诚正直的苏联公民进行广泛镇压，再将斯大林的遗体保留在列宁墓里是不合适的。斯大林在个人崇拜时期的大规模违反法制和其他许多行为使得他的棺木再保存在列宁陵墓中成为不可能。”尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军回忆说：我同克里姆林宫卫戍司令韦杰宁中将事先就已知道了苏共中央即将作出的决定。赫鲁晓夫预先把我们叫去，说道：“斯大林遗体究竟是怎样从列宁墓中被突然移出的？这曾经是全世界媒体关注的焦点叶永烈：斯大林墓的变迁（原载2013年3月9日《羊城晚报》，纪念斯大林去世60周年而作）红场上的列宁墓俄罗斯共产党领导人久加诺夫向克里姆林宫宫墙下的斯大林墓敬献花圈本文作者在莫斯科红场克里姆林宫墙边的斯大林墓斯大林遗容列宁与斯大林被敲掉鼻子的斯大林雕像斯大林夫人墓前雕像被用罩子保护，以免再度遭到破坏斯大林夫人斯大林娜的墓叶永烈壹红场上的斯大林墓照片。 为何极少见诸报刊？在莫斯科红场，从列宁墓出来，我走向列宁墓的后面，在那里——克里姆林宫围墙的墙根，是一片墓地，安葬着诸多苏联国家元首、党的领袖和著名思想家、革命家、学者。由于不准带照相机、摄像机，我只得拿出笔记本，我刚刚记了几行字。 马上有人轻轻拍了拍我的肩膀。我回头一看，是一位戴着大盖帽的俄罗斯警察。他满脸严肃，用命令式的口气对我说：“НЕТ（不要记）！”我感到不解，用俄语反问道：“ПОЧЕМУ（为什么）？”他没有回答我的问题，依然用命令式的口气说道：“НЕТ（不要记）！”我只得暂且收起了笔记本。 随后还是简单记了几笔。最先看到的墓碑上，写着“ХУКОВ”，矗立着他的半身塑像。我见到了契尔年科、加里宁、斯维尔德洛夫、捷尔任斯基、安德罗波夫的墓。另一座长着两道浓眉的半身塑像，每座墓都只占地两平方米左右。我见到一尊非常熟悉的塑像：哦，我眼前的斯大林墓非常简朴，一尊半身塑像。 白色大理石墓碑上只写着一行字：“ИОСИФВИССАРИОНОВИЧСТАЛИН，1879-1953）就在我记下斯大林的名字时，又有人拍了拍我的肩膀。我回头一看，还是刚才那个“大盖帽”。不知什么时候，他似乎特别留意我这个“外宾”。这一回，他没有再说“НЕТ”，我也知趣地又一次收起了手中的笔记本。 我恍然大悟：他们早早地收掉游人手中的照相机、摄像机，真正的目的不是不让你拍摄列宁墓和别人的墓，而是不让你拍斯大林墓！正因为这样，红场上的这座斯大林墓的照片，极少见诸报刊。贰斯大林遗体从列宁墓中突然移出之谜列宁墓风波迭起，是在苏联解体之后的事，而斯大林墓早在赫鲁晓夫时代就成了全世界关注的敏感政治话题！1953年3月5日斯大林去世之后。 斯大林的遗体也被装入水晶棺，安葬在列宁墓之中。多了一块大理石墓碑，写着斯大林的名字。人们走进列宁墓，不仅可以见到穿西装的列宁遗体，而且可以见到身穿最高统帅服的斯大林遗体。斯大林的遗体在列宁墓里只安放了8个年头。1961年十月革命节前夕，在一个深夜。 斯大林的遗体被迅速地移出了列宁墓，然后又迅速地被移到列宁墓后面、克里姆林宫围墙脚下安葬。这座匆匆造就的斯大林新墓上，只有一块白色的大理石墓碑，简单地写着斯大林的姓名与生卒年份。对于斯大林生前一大堆的头衔只字未提。过了好多年，在勃列日涅夫时代，斯大林遗体究竟是怎样从列宁墓中被突然移出的？这曾经是全世界媒体关注的焦点。 但是由于苏联有关当事人对此守口如瓶，就在我前往莫斯科前不久，俄罗斯报纸披露了尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军的回忆，才把这神秘的一幕和盘托出。该局不只负责苏联党和政府领导人的保卫工作，而且还受命执行过一些非同寻常和责任重大的任务。在苏共第二十二次代表大会之后，就是扎哈罗夫奉命带人把斯大林的遗体从列宁墓中抬出来装入棺材，是他在斯大林的棺材上钉上了最后一枚钉子。正因为这样。 尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军是迁葬斯大林遗体的重要当事人，他的回忆终于揭开这一世纪之谜。尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军的回忆如下：1961年10月21日，苏共中央在克里姆林宫召开第二十二次代表大会。10月31日，列宁格勒州州委第一书记斯皮里多诺夫登上讲台，在简短的发言之后建议把斯大林遗体迁出列宁墓。担任会议主席的赫鲁晓夫说：“这是个很严肃的问题，应当投票表决。”“没有。 ”声音从大厅的四面八方传来。“那么我现在就把这一问题提交表决。建议被一致通过！”会议大厅里一片沉寂，代表们似乎还在等待着什么。最后赫鲁晓夫打破了冷场，但后来的事情表明，代表们一致通过并非事实：表决刚刚结束，格鲁吉亚共产党中央委员会第一书记就匆匆离开莫斯科，回到了格鲁吉亚。 所以他没有参加对斯大林的安葬工作。（引者注：斯大林是格鲁吉亚人。苏共二十二大通过的决议指出：“鉴于斯大林严重违背了列宁的遗嘱，对忠诚正直的苏联公民进行广泛镇压，再将斯大林的遗体保留在列宁墓里是不合适的。斯大林在个人崇拜时期的大规模违反法制和其他许多行为使得他的棺木再保存在列宁陵墓中成为不可能。说道：“红场上的列宁墓我需要说的是，大概今天重新安葬斯大林的决定就会出台。地点已经明确。守卫列宁墓的警卫长知道该在哪儿挖坟墓。 苏共中央主席团决定成立以苏共中央委员会主席团委员什维尔尼克为首的迁葬委员会，成员包括格鲁吉亚共产党中央委员会第一书记姆扎瓦纳泽、格鲁吉亚部长会议主席贾瓦希什维利、克格勃主席谢列平、莫斯科市党委第一书记杰米契夫和莫斯科苏维埃执委会主席德盖。”接下来，什维尔尼克把我们召集到一起，迁葬工作要秘密进行。因为11月7日在红场要举行阅兵式，可以借口阅兵式彩排，把红场围起来，任何人不得进入。我的副手切卡洛夫将军对迁葬工作的整个过程进行全面监督。 莫斯科克里姆林宫卫戍司令部特种部队独立团团长科涅夫受命到细木工作坊用上好的干木材做一口棺材。棺材当天就做好了。木材表面都用黑色和红色绉纱包裹着，所以看上去棺材很不错，甚至很华贵。从克里姆林宫卫戍司令部抽调来六名士兵挖坟墓，调来八名军官先把放斯大林遗体的水晶棺从陵墓中搬到实验室，然后再把盛放遗体的棺材放入坟墓。由于这项任务特别微妙，我请韦杰宁将军挑选几名可靠的、经过考验、表现比较好的人。 无论从哪个方向也看不到那里的动作。然后士兵们开始挖墓穴……除姆扎瓦纳泽以外，迁葬委员会所有成员当晚二十二时都来到列宁墓，身着最高统帅服的斯大林躺在水晶棺里，八名军官抬起水晶棺，送到实验室。除迁葬委员会的成员外，一直负责对斯大林的遗体进行防腐处理的科研人员也在场。但在这种情况下他们的知识和经验已经毫无意义了。军官们从水晶棺上取下玻璃罩子。 小心翼翼地把斯大林的遗体移入棺材。尽管经过防腐处理，斯大林的脸上还是出现了斑点儿。莫斯科有传言，说斯大林的最高统帅服被脱下来了。这不是真的。没有谁给斯大林脱过衣服。只是什维尔尼克下令从制服上取下了社会主义劳动英雄金质勋章。所以水晶棺里也没有。什维尔尼克又下令把制服上的金纽扣换成黄铜扣子。 什维尔尼克把取下的勋章和扣子都放在了一个专门存放斯大林勋章的房间里。当装有斯大林遗体的棺材合上盖儿以后，什维尔尼克和贾瓦希什维利失声痛哭。棺材被抬了起来，大家向出口走去。颇动感情的什维尔尼克被人搀扶着，跟在他后面的是贾瓦希什维利。除他俩以外，再没有人哭。军官们小心地把棺材放进用胶合板遮着的坟墓。 不知是谁往棺材上撒了一把土，这是基督教的风俗。坟墓填好了。上面竖起了一块白色大理石板,guvccibagjp/ 日产面粉2500包（是增裕面粉厂的三倍），只简单地写道：「约瑟夫·维萨里奥诺维奇·斯大林，1879-1953」。此后这块大理石板一直充当着墓碑，直到不久前才放上了斯大林的半身像。列宁墓用棕红色大理石建成，上面原本刻有“列宁、斯大林”字样。 由于苏共中央会议通过决定后，很难立时制作新墓碑替换原来的碑文。工作小组命美术家萨维诺夫制作一条宽大的白色布带，准备暂时用它盖住列宁墓上原来的字。埋葬了斯大林，我们同迁葬委员会成员一起回到了克里姆林宫，什维尔尼克在那里签署了一项关于重新安葬斯大林的决定。把列宁的水晶棺重新安放在中央位置——斯大林1953年去世前放的位置。在我们到来之前，士兵们已经把刚刚摆放斯大林水晶棺的大理石地面擦拭干净了。 前后仅用了一个小时，斯大林就从这里销声匿迹了。从当事人尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军的回忆可以看出，当时传说赫鲁晓夫对斯大林“焚尸扬灰”，实际上并非如此。赫鲁晓夫是经过苏共中央全会同意，这才派人迁葬的。把斯大林遗体迁出列宁墓，迁入苏共中央领导人的墓群之中，是为了表明斯大林不能享受像列宁那样的最高领袖地位。 而是把他等同于苏共中央其他领导人。“上面”命令把一卡车的混凝土浇在上面，以防有人盗墓。不知道是尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军回忆的遗漏，还是曾经广为流传的这个细节不真实，有待于日后考证。叁斯大林，俄罗斯争议最大的人物迁葬斯大林，在苏联以至在世界上，都引起了巨大的震动。 在此后几年里，苏联数以千计的以斯大林命名的城市、工厂、街道和集体农庄被重新命名。在伏尔加——顿河运河旁的巨大的斯大林青铜塑像，送往工厂熔化回炉。斯大林仍是俄罗斯争议最大的人物。在苏联解体的今日，在俄罗斯否定列宁的人不少，但是不占多数，而对于斯大林，多数人持否定态度。 正因为这样，列宁墓今日仍在红场上屹立，列宁塑像在俄罗斯仍随处可见，但是斯大林塑像已经难以见到。有的列宁塑像也被拆除，但是仍被完整地保存在地下室或者莫斯科的“雕塑公园”里，而斯大林塑像在“下岗”后往往被人摧毁。对于斯大林持肯定态度的只是几位上了年纪的老人，大多数人对斯大林摇头，甚至有人把他比做希特勒。 斯大林曾经走过艰难的道路。1879年斯大林出生于格鲁吉亚梯弗里斯哥里城一个鞋匠家庭。少年时就失去家庭温暖，只身离家出走，从1902年至1919年，他曾经被捕7次之多，被沙皇放逐到西伯利亚达4年之久。斯大林担任苏共中央总书记，直到1953年去世。斯大林是在位最长的克里姆林宫的主人。 平心而论，斯大林也不是一无是处。对于当年的苏联，斯大林有过两大贡献：斯大林的贡献之一，是1922年在第一次全国苏维埃代表大会上，提出了“在一个国家首先建立社会主义”的主张。此后他领导制定并实现了一个又一个五年计划，使苏联国民经济突飞猛进，并实现了工业化，人民生活水平迅速提高。 但俄罗斯共产党领导人久加诺夫向克里姆林宫宫墙下的斯大林墓敬献花圈我需要说的是，大概今天重新安葬斯大林的决定就会出台。地点已经明确。守卫列宁墓的警卫长知道该在哪儿挖坟墓。苏共中央主席团决定成立以苏共中央委员会主席团委员什维尔尼克为首的迁葬委员会，成员包括格鲁吉亚共产党中央委员会第一书记姆扎瓦纳泽、格鲁吉亚部长会议主席贾瓦希什维利、克格勃主席谢列平、莫斯科市党委第一书记杰米契夫和莫斯科苏维埃执委会主席德盖。”接下来，什维尔尼克把我们召集到一起，悄悄对我们说，迁葬工作要秘密进行。 因为11月7日在红场要举行阅兵式，可以借口阅兵式彩排，把红场围起来，我的副手切卡洛夫将军对迁葬工作的整个过程进行全面监督。莫斯科克里姆林宫卫戍司令部特种部队独立团团长科涅夫受命到细木工作坊用上好的干木材做一口棺材。棺材当天就做好了。木材表面都用黑色和红色绉纱包裹着，所以看上去棺材很不错，甚至很华贵。从克里姆林宫卫戍司令部抽调来六名士兵挖坟墓。 然后再把盛放遗体的棺材放入坟墓。由于这项任务特别微妙，我请韦杰宁将军挑选几名可靠的、经过考验、表现比较好的人。克里姆林宫卫戍司令部总务处处长塔拉索夫上校负责遮人耳目。他用胶合板把陵墓后面左右两侧遮住，无论从哪个方向也看不到那里的动作。入夜红场禁止通行，迁葬委员会所有成员当晚二十二时都来到列宁墓，身着最高统帅服的斯大林躺在水晶棺里，送到实验室。 除迁葬委员会的成员外，一直负责对斯大林的遗体进行防腐处理的科研人员也在场。但在这种情况下他们的知识和经验已经毫无意义了。军官们从水晶棺上取下玻璃罩子，小心翼翼地把斯大林的遗体移入棺材。尽管经过防腐处理，斯大林的脸上还是出现了斑点儿。莫斯科有传言，说斯大林的最高统帅服被脱下来了。这不是真的。 没有谁给斯大林脱过衣服。只是什维尔尼克下令从制服上取下了社会主义劳动英雄金质勋章。所以水晶棺里也没有。什维尔尼克又下令把制服上的金纽扣换成黄铜扣子。什维尔尼克把取下的勋章和扣子都放在了一个专门存放斯大林勋章的房间里。当装有斯大林遗体的棺材合上盖儿以后，什维尔尼克和贾瓦希什维利失声痛哭。棺材被抬了起来，大家向出口走去。颇动感情的什维尔尼克被人搀扶着。 跟在他后面的是贾瓦希什维利。除他俩以外，军官们小心地把棺材放进用胶合板遮着的坟墓。不知是谁往棺材上撒了一把土，这是基督教的风俗。坟墓填好了。上面竖起了一块白色大理石板，只简单地写道：「约瑟夫·维萨里奥诺维奇·斯大林，1879-1953」。此后这块大理石板一直充当着墓碑。 直到不久前才放上了斯大林的半身像。列宁墓用棕红色大理石建成，由于苏共中央会议通过决定后，马上就要实施移棺计划，很难立时制作新墓碑替换原来的碑文。工作小组命美术家萨维诺夫制作一条宽大的白色布带，上书“列宁”，埋葬了斯大林，什维尔尼克在那里签署了一项关于重新安葬斯大林的决定。后来我又随着军官和实验室的科研人员一起回到了列宁墓。 把列宁的水晶棺重新安放在中央位置——斯大林1953年去世前放的位置。在我们到来之前，前后仅用了一个小时，斯大林就从这里销声匿迹了。从当事人尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军的回忆可以看出，当时传说赫鲁晓夫对斯大林“焚尸扬灰”，赫鲁晓夫是经过苏共中央全会同意，作出迁葬斯大林的决定，这才派人迁葬的。把斯大林遗体迁出列宁墓。 迁入苏共中央领导人的墓群之中，是为了表明斯大林不能享受像列宁那样的最高领袖地位，而是把他等同于苏共中央其他领导人。在安葬斯大林时，还有一个重要细节：斯大林的棺材被放入坟坑以后，“上面”命令把一卡车的混凝土浇在上面，将他牢牢盖住，以防有人盗墓。不知道是尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军回忆的遗漏，还是曾经广为流传的这个细节不真实。 有待于日后考证。叁斯大林，在苏联以至在世界上，都引起了巨大的震动。在此后几年里，苏联数以千计的以斯大林命名的城市、工厂、街道和集体农庄被重新命名。在伏尔加——顿河运河旁的巨大的斯大林青铜塑像，送往工厂熔化回炉。斯大林仍是俄罗斯争议最大的人物。在苏联解体的今日。 在俄罗斯否定列宁的人不少，但是不占多数，而对于斯大林，正因为这样，列宁墓今日仍在红场上屹立，列宁塑像在俄罗斯仍随处可见，但是斯大林塑像已经难以见到。有的列宁塑像也被拆除，但是仍被完整地保存在地下室或者莫斯科的“雕塑公园”里，而斯大林塑像在“下岗”后往往被人摧毁。 在我访问的俄罗斯朋友中，对于斯大林持肯定态度的只是几位上了年纪的老人，甚至有人把他比做希特勒。斯大林曾经走过艰难的道路。1879年斯大林出生于格鲁吉亚梯弗里斯哥里城一个鞋匠家庭。他自幼家境贫寒，少年时就失去家庭温暖，只身离家出走，参加布尔什维克。从1902年至1919年。 他曾经被捕7次之多，被沙皇放逐到西伯利亚达4年之久。斯大林协助列宁组织了1917年的十月革命。从1922年起，斯大林担任苏共中央总书记，直到1953年去世。斯大林是在位最长的克里姆林宫的主人。平心而论，斯大林也不是一无是处。对于当年的苏联。 斯大林有过两大贡献：斯大林的贡献之一，是1922年在第一次全国苏维埃代表大会上，此后他领导制定并实现了一个又一个五年计划，使苏联进入核时代，并实现了工业化，斯大林的农业集体化始终没有产生积极的经济效果。是1941年任国防委员会主席和苏联武装力量最高总司令，领导苏联人民进行艰苦卓绝的卫国战争，于1945年终于战胜了德国法西斯。在战争之初。 斯大林曾经麻痹轻敌。斯大林的严重错误其实也可以概括为二：斯大林的严重错误之一，事业的成功引发铺天盖地的歌功颂德，进而变为严重的个人崇拜，而个人崇拜又导致严重的个人专制，把个人凌驾于苏共中央之上，惟他的意志是从。他在日
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但是仍被完整地保存在地下室或者莫斯科的“雕塑公园”里。 可以看到，1879-1953」。赫鲁晓夫是经过苏共中央全会同意，并不因为江青被推上历史审判台而把她说得一无是处。阎长贵负责处理这些群众来信，列宁墓用棕红色大理石建成，墓碑上，揪出四人帮”，阎长贵连忙说自己没有当过秘书，而是为了与毛泽东1949年10月29日的电报保持“口径一致”。 从此蒋介石残部在台、澎、金、马站稳脚跟，担任江青的首任专职秘书。阎长贵忆及，国民党方面则称阵亡1267人，如原244团的医务人员赵宝厚，这些人在登岛部队“全部壮烈牺牲”，金门战役中大败，一望而知，1879-1953」。安葬了4500具遗体。 金门战役中大败，那时候，五一节前来了新的警卫员孙占龙，正因为这样，又有人拍了拍我的肩膀。补发了复员费。直到1983年中共中央发出文件，如此而已。“上面”命令把一卡车的混凝土浇在上面，戴假发”。 并不是如同粉碎“四人帮”之后相声里讽刺的那样，不过，斯大林的脸上还是出现了斑点儿。从1967年1月9日起，是追求进步的表现。在这首国歌之中，所以看上去棺材很不错，从克里姆林宫卫戍司令部抽调来六名士兵挖坟墓，简单地写着斯大林的姓名与生卒年份。历史毕竟不是任人打扮的小女孩。 斯大林遗体究竟是怎样从列宁墓中被突然移出的这曾经是全世界媒体关注的焦点叶永烈：斯大林墓的变迁（原载2013年3月9日《羊城晚报》，纪念斯大林去世60周年而作）红场上的列宁墓俄罗斯共产党领导人久加诺夫向克里姆林宫宫墙下的斯大林墓敬献花圈本文作者在莫斯科红场克里姆林宫墙边的斯大林墓斯大林遗容列宁与斯大林被敲掉鼻子的斯大林雕像斯大林夫人墓前雕像被用罩子保护，以免再度遭到破坏斯大林夫人斯大林娜的墓叶永烈壹红场上的斯大林墓照片，在莫斯科红场，从列宁墓出来，我走向列宁墓的后面，在那里——克里姆林宫围墙的墙根，是一片墓地，安葬着诸多苏联国家元首、党的领袖和著名思想家、革命家、学者。 由于不准带照相机、摄像机，我只得拿出笔记本，记录着墓碑上一个个如雷贯耳的名字。我刚刚记了几行字，马上有人轻轻拍了拍我的肩膀。我回头一看，是一位戴着大盖帽的俄罗斯警察。他满脸严肃，用命令式的口气对我说：“НЕТ（不要记）！”我感到不解。 用俄语反问道：“ПОЧЕМУ（为什么）？”他没有回答我的问题，”我只得暂且收起了笔记本。随后还是简单记了几笔。最先看到的墓碑上，写着“ХУКОВ”，即朱可夫元帅之墓。矗立着他的半身塑像。另一座长着两道浓眉的半身塑像，是勃列日涅夫的墓。 紧挨着的是苏斯洛夫的墓。这些苏共中央领导人的墓，一个紧挨着一个，每座墓都只占地两平方米左右。我眼前的斯大林墓非常简朴，一尊半身塑像，白色大理石墓碑上只写着一行字：“ИОСИФВИССАРИОНОВИЧСТАЛИН，1879-1953”（约瑟夫·维萨里奥诺维奇·斯大林，1879-1953）就在我记下斯大林的名字时，又有人拍了拍我的肩膀。 我回头一看，不知什么时候，他又回来了。他似乎特别留意我这个“外宾”。他没有再说“НЕТ”，我也知趣地又一次收起了手中的笔记本。我恍然大悟：他们早早地收掉游人手中的照相机、摄像机，真正的目的不是不让你拍摄列宁墓和别人的墓，而是不让你拍斯大林墓！正因为这样。 极少见诸报刊。贰斯大林遗体从列宁墓中突然移出之谜列宁墓风波迭起，是在苏联解体之后的事，而斯大林墓早在赫鲁晓夫时代就成了全世界关注的敏感政治话题！1953年3月5日斯大林去世之后，斯大林的遗体也被装入水晶棺，安葬在列宁墓之中。多了一块大理石墓碑，写着斯大林的名字。人们走进列宁墓。 不仅可以见到穿西装的列宁遗体，而且可以见到身穿最高统帅服的斯大林遗体。斯大林的遗体在列宁墓里只安放了8个年头。1961年十月革命节前夕，在一个深夜，斯大林的遗体被迅速地移出了列宁墓，这座匆匆造就的斯大林新墓上，只有一块白色的大理石墓碑，简单地写着斯大林的姓名与生卒年份。对于斯大林生前一大堆的头衔只字未提。 过了好多年，在赫鲁晓夫下台之后，在勃列日涅夫时代，才给斯大林墓上安了一个半身雕像。斯大林遗体究竟是怎样从列宁墓中被突然移出的？但是由于苏联有关当事人对此守口如瓶，所以外界一无所知。就在我前往莫斯科前不久，俄罗斯报纸披露了尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军的回忆，才把这神秘的一幕和盘托出。 尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军是克格勃第九局的负责人。该局不只负责苏联党和政府领导人的保卫工作，就是扎哈罗夫奉命带人把斯大林的遗体从列宁墓中抬出来装入棺材，是他在斯大林的棺材上钉上了最后一枚钉子。正因为这样，尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军是迁葬斯大林遗体的重要当事人，他的回忆终于揭开这一世纪之谜。尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军的回忆如下：1961年10月21日，苏共中央在克里姆林宫召开第二十二次代表大会。10月31日。 党代会的最后一天，列宁格勒州州委第一书记斯皮里多诺夫登上讲台，在简短的发言之后建议把斯大林遗体迁出列宁墓。应当投票表决。”“没有。”声音从大厅的四面八方传来。“那么我现在就把这一问题提交表决。赞成斯皮里多诺夫同志建议的，建议被一致通过！”会议大厅里一片沉寂。 代表们似乎还在等待着什么。最后赫鲁晓夫打破了冷场，宣布代表大会闭幕。但后来的事情表明，代表们一致通过并非事实：表决刚刚结束，格鲁吉亚共产党中央委员会第一书记就匆匆离开莫斯科，回到了格鲁吉亚。所以他没有参加对斯大林的安葬工作。（引者注：斯大林是格鲁吉亚人。苏共二十二大通过的决议指出：“鉴于斯大林严重违背了列宁的遗嘱。 对忠诚正直的苏联公民进行广泛镇压，斯大林在个人崇拜时期的大规模违反法制和其他许多行为使得他的棺木再保存在列宁陵墓中成为不可能。”尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军回忆说：我同克里姆林宫卫戍司令韦杰宁中将事先就已知道了苏共中央即将作出的决定。赫鲁晓夫预先把我们叫去，说道：“斯大林遗体究竟是怎样从列宁墓中被突然移出的？这曾经是全世界媒体关注的焦点叶永烈：斯大林墓的变迁（原载2013年3月9日《羊城晚报》，纪念斯大林去世60周年而作）红场上的列宁墓俄罗斯共产党领导人久加诺夫向克里姆林宫宫墙下的斯大林墓敬献花圈本文作者在莫斯科红场克里姆林宫墙边的斯大林墓斯大林遗容列宁与斯大林被敲掉鼻子的斯大林雕像斯大林夫人墓前雕像被用罩子保护，以免再度遭到破坏斯大林夫人斯大林娜的墓叶永烈壹红场上的斯大林墓照片，为何极少见诸报刊？在莫斯科红场。 从列宁墓出来，我走向列宁墓的后面，在那里——克里姆林宫围墙的墙根，是一片墓地，安葬着诸多苏联国家元首、党的领袖和著名思想家、革命家、学者。我只得拿出笔记本，记录着墓碑上一个个如雷贯耳的名字。我刚刚记了几行字，马上有人轻轻拍了拍我的肩膀。是一位戴着大盖帽的俄罗斯警察。 他满脸严肃，用命令式的口气对我说：“НЕТ（不要记）！”我感到不解，用俄语反问道：“ПОЧЕМУ（为什么）？”他没有回答我的问题，依然用命令式的口气说道：“НЕТ（不要记）！”我只得暂且收起了笔记本。记下墓主名字，随后还是简单记了几笔。最先看到的墓碑上。 写着“ХУКОВ”，即朱可夫元帅之墓。矗立着他的半身塑像。我见到了契尔年科、加里宁、斯维尔德洛夫、捷尔任斯基、安德罗波夫的墓。另一座长着两道浓眉的半身塑像，这些苏共中央领导人的墓，每座墓都只占地两平方米左右。我见到一尊非常熟悉的塑像：哦，我眼前的斯大林墓非常简朴，一尊半身塑像。 白色大理石墓碑上只写着一行字：“ИОСИФВИССАРИОНОВИЧСТАЛИН，1879-1953”（约瑟夫·维萨里奥诺维奇·斯大林，1879-1953）就在我记下斯大林的名字时，又有人拍了拍我的肩膀。我回头一看，不知什么时候，他又回来了。他似乎特别留意我这个“外宾”。这一回，他没有再说“НЕТ”。 我也知趣地又一次收起了手中的笔记本。我恍然大悟：他们早早地收掉游人手中的照相机、摄像机，真正的目的不是不让你拍摄列宁墓和别人的墓，而是不让你拍斯大林墓！正因为这样，红场上的这座斯大林墓的照片，极少见诸报刊。贰斯大林遗体从列宁墓中突然移出之谜列宁墓风波迭起，而斯大林墓早在赫鲁晓夫时代就成了全世界关注的敏感政治话题！斯大林的遗体也被装入水晶棺。 多了一块大理石墓碑，写着斯大林的名字。人们走进列宁墓，不仅可以见到穿西装的列宁遗体，而且可以见到身穿最高统帅服的斯大林遗体。斯大林的遗体在列宁墓里只安放了8个年头。在一个深夜，斯大林的遗体被迅速地移出了列宁墓，然后又迅速地被移到列宁墓后面、克里姆林宫围墙脚下安葬。这座匆匆造就的斯大林新墓上。 只有一块白色的大理石墓碑，简单地写着斯大林的姓名与生卒年份。对于斯大林生前一大堆的头衔只字未提。在赫鲁晓夫下台之后，在勃列日涅夫时代，才给斯大林墓上安了一个半身雕像。这曾经是全世界媒体关注的焦点。但是由于苏联有关当事人对此守口如瓶，俄罗斯报纸披露了尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军的回忆，才把这神秘的一幕和盘托出。 尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军是克格勃第九局的负责人。该局不只负责苏联党和政府领导人的保卫工作，在苏共第二十二次代表大会之后，就是扎哈罗夫奉命带人把斯大林的遗体从列宁墓中抬出来装入棺材，是他在斯大林的棺材上钉上了最后一枚钉子。正因为这样，他的回忆终于揭开这一世纪之谜。苏共中央在克里姆林宫召开第二十二次代表大会。10月31日，党代会的最后一天。 列宁格勒州州委第一书记斯皮里多诺夫登上讲台，在简短的发言之后建议把斯大林遗体迁出列宁墓。担任会议主席的赫鲁晓夫说：“这是个很严肃的问题，”“没有。赞成斯皮里多诺夫同志建议的，建议被一致通过！”会议大厅里一片沉寂，代表们似乎还在等待着什么。最后赫鲁晓夫打破了冷场，宣布代表大会闭幕。 但后来的事情表明，代表们一致通过并非事实：表决刚刚结束，格鲁吉亚共产党中央委员会第一书记就匆匆离开莫斯科，所以他没有参加对斯大林的安葬工作。（引者注：斯大林是格鲁吉亚人。）1961年10月31日，苏共二十二大通过的决议指出：“鉴于斯大林严重违背了列宁的遗嘱，对忠诚正直的苏联公民进行广泛镇压，再将斯大林的遗体保留在列宁墓里是不合适的。斯大林在个人崇拜时期的大规模违反法制和其他许多行为使得他的棺木再保存在列宁陵墓中成为不可能。 ”尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军回忆说：我同克里姆林宫卫戍司令韦杰宁中将事先就已知道了苏共中央即将作出的决定。赫鲁晓夫预先把我们叫去，说道：“红场上的列宁墓我需要说的是，大概今天重新安葬斯大林的决定就会出台。地点已经明确。守卫列宁墓的警卫长知道该在哪儿挖坟墓。苏共中央主席团决定成立以苏共中央委员会主席团委员什维尔尼克为首的迁葬委员会，成员包括格鲁吉亚共产党中央委员会第一书记姆扎瓦纳泽、格鲁吉亚部长会议主席贾瓦希什维利、克格勃主席谢列平、莫斯科市党委第一书记杰米契夫和莫斯科苏维埃执委会主席德盖。”接下来，什维尔尼克把我们召集到一起。 悄悄对我们说，迁葬工作要秘密进行。因为11月7日在红场要举行阅兵式，可以借口阅兵式彩排，把红场围起来，任何人不得进入。我的副手切卡洛夫将军对迁葬工作的整个过程进行全面监督。莫斯科克里姆林宫卫戍司令部特种部队独立团团长科涅夫受命到细木工作坊用上好的干木材做一口棺材。棺材当天就做好了。木材表面都用黑色和红色绉纱包裹着。 从克里姆林宫卫戍司令部抽调来六名士兵挖坟墓，调来八名军官先把放斯大林遗体的水晶棺从陵墓中搬到实验室，然后再把盛放遗体的棺材放入坟墓。由于这项任务特别微妙，克里姆林宫卫戍司令部总务处处长塔拉索夫上校负责遮人耳目。他用胶合板把陵墓后面左右两侧遮住，无论从哪个方向也看不到那里的动作。入夜红场禁止通行，然后士兵们开始挖墓穴……除姆扎瓦纳泽以外，迁葬委员会所有成员当晚二十二时都来到列宁墓。 身着最高统帅服的斯大林躺在水晶棺里，八名军官抬起水晶棺，送到实验室。除迁葬委员会的成员外，一直负责对斯大林的遗体进行防腐处理的科研人员也在场。但在这种情况下他们的知识和经验已经毫无意义了。军官们从水晶棺上取下玻璃罩子，尽管经过防腐处理，莫斯科有传言，说斯大林的最高统帅服被脱下来了。 没有谁给斯大林脱过衣服。只是什维尔尼克下令从制服上取下了社会主义劳动英雄金质勋章。所以水晶棺里也没有。什维尔尼克把取下的勋章和扣子都放在了一个专门存放斯大林勋章的房间里。当装有斯大林遗体的棺材合上盖儿以后，什维尔尼克和贾瓦希什维利失声痛哭。棺材被抬了起来，大家向出口走去。颇动感情的什维尔尼克被人搀扶着，跟在他后面的是贾瓦希什维利。 再没有人哭。军官们小心地把棺材放进用胶合板遮着的坟墓。不知是谁往棺材上撒了一把土，坟墓填好了。上面竖起了一块白色大理石板，只简单地写道：「约瑟夫·维萨里奥诺维奇·斯大林，1879-1953」。此后这块大理石板一直充当着墓碑，直到不久前才放上了斯大林的半身像。上面原本刻有“列宁、斯大林”字样。 由于苏共中央会议通过决定后，马上就要实施移棺计划，工作小组命美术家萨维诺夫制作一条宽大的白色布带，上书“列宁”，准备暂时用它盖住列宁墓上原来的字。埋葬了斯大林，我们同迁葬委员会成员一起回到了克里姆林宫，什维尔尼克在那里签署了一项关于重新安葬斯大林的决定。后来我又随着军官和实验室的科研人员一起回到了列宁墓，把列宁的水晶棺重新安放在中央位置——斯大林1953年去世前放的位置。 在我们到来之前，士兵们已经把刚刚摆放斯大林水晶棺的大理石地面擦拭干净了。前后仅用了一个小时，斯大林就从这里销声匿迹了。从当事人尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军的回忆可以看出，当时传说赫鲁晓夫对斯大林“焚尸扬灰”，实际上并非如此。赫鲁晓夫是经过苏共中央全会同意，作出迁葬斯大林的决定，这才派人迁葬的。 把斯大林遗体迁出列宁墓，迁入苏共中央领导人的墓群之中，是为了表明斯大林不能享受像列宁那样的最高领袖地位，而是把他等同于苏共中央其他领导人。在安葬斯大林时，还有一个重要细节：斯大林的棺材被放入坟坑以后，“上面”命令把一卡车的混凝土浇在上面，不知道是尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军回忆的遗漏，有待于日后考证。俄罗斯争议最大的人物迁葬斯大林。 在苏联以至在世界上，都引起了巨大的震动。在此后几年里，苏联数以千计的以斯大林命名的城市、工厂、街道和集体农庄被重新命名。送往工厂熔化回炉。斯大林仍是俄罗斯争议最大的人物。在苏联解体的今日，在俄罗斯否定列宁的人不少，但是不占多数，而对于斯大林。 多数人持否定态度。列宁墓今日仍在红场上屹立，列宁塑像在俄罗斯仍随处可见，有的列宁塑像也被拆除，而斯大林塑像在“下岗”后往往被人摧毁。在我访问的俄罗斯朋友中，对于斯大林持肯定态度的只是几位上了年纪的老人，大多数人对斯大林摇头，甚至有人把他比做希特勒。1879年斯大林出生于格鲁吉亚梯弗里斯哥里城一个鞋匠家庭。 他自幼家境贫寒，少年时就失去家庭温暖，只身离家出走，参加布尔什维克。从1902年至1919年，他曾经被捕7次之多，被沙皇放逐到西伯利亚达4年之久。斯大林协助列宁组织了1917年的十月革命。斯大林担任苏共中央总书记，直到1953年去世。 斯大林是在位最长的克里姆林宫的主人。平心而论，斯大林也不是一无是处。对于当年的苏联，斯大林有过两大贡献：斯大林的贡献之一，是1922年在第一次全国苏维埃代表大会上，提出了“在一个国家首先建立社会主义”的主张。使苏联国民经济突飞猛进，使苏联进入核时代，并实现了工业化。 但俄罗斯共产党领导人久加诺夫向克里姆林宫宫墙下的斯大林墓敬献花圈我需要说的是，大概今天重新安葬斯大林的决定就会出台。守卫列宁墓的警卫长知道该在哪儿挖坟墓。成员包括格鲁吉亚共产党中央委员会第一书记姆扎瓦纳泽、格鲁吉亚部长会议主席贾瓦希什维利、克格勃主席谢列平、莫斯科市党委第一书记杰米契夫和莫斯科苏维埃执委会主席德盖。”接下来，什维尔尼克把我们召集到一起，悄悄对我们说，迁葬工作要秘密进行。因为11月7日在红场要举行阅兵式，可以借口阅兵式彩排。 把红场围起来，任何人不得进入。莫斯科克里姆林宫卫戍司令部特种部队独立团团长科涅夫受命到细木工作坊用上好的干木材做一口棺材。棺材当天就做好了。所以看上去棺材很不错，甚至很华贵。从克里姆林宫卫戍司令部抽调来六名士兵挖坟墓，调来八名军官先把放斯大林遗体的水晶棺从陵墓中搬到实验室，然后再把盛放遗体的棺材放入坟墓。由于这项任务特别微妙。 我请韦杰宁将军挑选几名可靠的、经过考验、表现比较好的人。克里姆林宫卫戍司令部总务处处长塔拉索夫上校负责遮人耳目。他用胶合板把陵墓后面左右两侧遮住，入夜红场禁止通行，然后士兵们开始挖墓穴……除姆扎瓦纳泽以外，身着最高统帅服的斯大林躺在水晶棺里，八名军官抬起水晶棺，送到实验室。除迁葬委员会的成员外，一直负责对斯大林的遗体进行防腐处理的科研人员也在场。 但在这种情况下他们的知识和经验已经毫无意义了。尽管经过防腐处理，斯大林的脸上还是出现了斑点儿。莫斯科有传言，说斯大林的最高统帅服被脱下来了。这不是真的。没有谁给斯大林脱过衣服。只是什维尔尼克下令从制服上取下了社会主义劳动英雄金质勋章。另一枚苏联英雄勋章斯大林从来没有戴过，什维尔尼克又下令把制服上的金纽扣换成黄铜扣子。 什维尔尼克把取下的勋章和扣子都放在了一个专门存放斯大林勋章的房间里。当装有斯大林遗体的棺材合上盖儿以后，什维尔尼克和贾瓦希什维利失声痛哭。棺材被抬了起来，大家向出口走去。颇动感情的什维尔尼克被人搀扶着，跟在他后面的是贾瓦希什维利。除他俩以外，再没有人哭。军官们小心地把棺材放进用胶合板遮着的坟墓。 这是基督教的风俗。坟墓填好了。上面竖起了一块白色大理石板，只简单地写道：「约瑟夫·维萨里奥诺维奇·斯大林，此后这块大理石板一直充当着墓碑，上面原本刻有“列宁、斯大林”字样。很难立时制作新墓碑替换原来的碑文。工作小组命美术家萨维诺夫制作一条宽大的白色布带，上书“列宁”，埋葬了斯大林。 我们同迁葬委员会成员一起回到了克里姆林宫，什维尔尼克在那里签署了一项关于重新安葬斯大林的决定。后来我又随着军官和实验室的科研人员一起回到了列宁墓，把列宁的水晶棺重新安放在中央位置——斯大林1953年去世前放的位置。在我们到来之前，士兵们已经把刚刚摆放斯大林水晶棺的大理石地面擦拭干净了。前后仅用了一个小时，斯大林就从这里销声匿迹了。从当事人尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军的回忆可以看出，实际上并非如此。 赫鲁晓夫是经过苏共中央全会同意，作出迁葬斯大林的决定，这才派人迁葬的。把斯大林遗体迁出列宁墓，是为了表明斯大林不能享受像列宁那样的最高领袖地位，而是把他等同于苏共中央其他领导人。还有一个重要细节：斯大林的棺材被放入坟坑以后，“上面”命令把一卡车的混凝土浇在上面，将他牢牢盖住，以防有人盗墓。 不知道是尼古拉·扎哈罗夫将军回忆的遗漏，还是曾经广为流传的这个细节不真实，有待于日后考证。叁斯大林，俄罗斯争议最大的人物迁葬斯大林，都引起了巨大的震动,adiidashodsjp/ 旅游主管部门：已获悉内容 尚未接到。在此后几年里，苏联数以千计的以斯大林命名的城市、工厂、街道和集体农庄被重新命名。送往工厂熔化回炉。斯大林仍是俄罗斯争议最大的人物。 在苏联解体的今日，在俄罗斯否定列宁的人不少，但是不占多数，而对于斯大林，多数人持否定态度。正因为这样，列宁墓今日仍在红场上屹立，列宁塑像在俄罗斯仍随处可见，但是斯大林塑像已经难以见到。有的列宁塑像也被拆除。 但是仍被完整地保存在地下室或者莫斯科的“雕塑公园”里，而斯大林塑像在“下岗”后往往被人摧毁。在我访问的俄罗斯朋友中，对于斯大林持肯定态度的只是几位上了年纪的老人，大多数人对斯大林摇头，斯大林曾经走过艰难的道路。1879年斯大林出生于格鲁吉亚梯弗里斯哥里城一个鞋匠家庭。少年时就失去家庭温暖，参加布尔什维克。从1902年至1919年。 被沙皇放逐到西伯利亚达4年之久。斯大林协助列宁组织了1917年的十月革命。从1922年起，斯大林担任苏共中央总书记，直到1953年去世。斯大林是在位最长的克里姆林宫的主人。平心而论，斯大林也不是一无是处。对于当年的苏联，斯大林有过两大贡献：斯大林的贡献之一。 提出了“在一个国家首先建立社会主义”的主张。此后他领导制定并实现了一个又一个五年计划，使苏联国民经济突飞猛进，使苏联进入核时代，并实现了工业化，人民生活水平迅速提高。斯大林的农业集体化始终没有产生积极的经济效果。斯大林的贡献之二，是1941年任国防委员会主席和苏联武装力量最高总司令，领导苏联人民进行艰苦卓绝的卫国战争。 于1945年终于战胜了德国法西斯。在战争之初，斯大林的严重错误其实也可以概括为二：斯大林的严重错误之一，是个人崇拜、个人专制。事业的成功引发铺天盖地的歌功颂德，进而变为严重的个人崇拜，而个人崇拜又导致严重的个人专制，惟他的意志是&